Quality evaluation of groundwater in the North China Plain          下载免费PDF全文

FEI Yu-hong  ZHANG Zhao-ji  LI Ya-song  GUO Chun-yan  TIAN Xia 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(4):306-315

This paper presents a method combining single-indicator comprehensive evaluation and influence factor identification to measure groundwater quality. This method not only reflects groundwater quality classification with clear physical significance, but also divides the possibilities of man-made pollution in regional groundwater. The paper selects 6 063 representative groundwater wells in the North China Plain to evaluate 49 groundwater inorganic and organic index and comes to a conclusion: Controlled by geological environment and hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater quality in the North China Plain deteriorates from the bottom of maintain to coastal area, with Class I to III groundwater decreasing from 49% to 3.9% while Class V groundwater increasing from 21% to 86.9%; the quality of deep groundwater is better than that of shallow groundwater; the contribution rate of manganese, total hardness, total dissolved solids and iodide in shallow groundwater to over-III type water exceeds 50%; the contribution rate of nitrite in pollution index reaches 20%; while heavy metal and organic indexes have limited impact on regional groundwater quality. The North China Plain is an important economic area in China. Over decades, it has witnessed intense human activities, and water resource quantity demanded has been far greater than quantity supplied. Due to scarce surface water resource, groundwater becomes the pillar supporting regional economic development. This has led to increasing groundwater exploitation and development. According to statistics, the exploitation degree of shallow groundwater reaches 105% in the North China Plain and 118% in the Hebei Plain; the exploitation degree of deep groundwater reaches 143% in the North China Plain and 163% in the Hebei Plain. The serious over-exploitation of groundwater brings various geological environmental problems, with the worsening of groundwater quality being a typical one. Besides impact brought by human activities, the poor quality of natural water in the North China Plain is also an important factor. Therefore, to understand the current regional groundwater quality situation and to master influence factors and influence degree can provide reliable scientific protection for regional economic development.  相似文献   

Compilation of Groundwater Quality Map and study of hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in Asia          下载免费PDF全文

YI Qing  GE Li-qiang  CHENG Yan-pei  DONG Hua  LIU Kun  ZHANG Jian-kang  YUE Chen 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(2):176-185

The groundwater quality map is among a series of Asian groundwater environment maps, which has been compiled and is about to be published. The article introduces the central theme and main content of the map, evaluates the method applied for groundwater quality gradation, and discusses hydrogeochemical characteristics of Asian groundwater. The distribution of water quality is investigated through the data collection of selected elements; hydrogeochemical characteristics are demonstrated via the analysis of elements’ allocation in horizontal and vertical zones; whilst the groundwater quality is evaluated by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).  相似文献   

Processes of hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin,China          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Chun-chao  WANG Wen-Ke  SUN Yi-bo  LI Xiang-quan  HOU Xin-wei 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(2):136-146

This paper analyzed regional hydrogeochemical evolution characteristics of groundwater with respect to hydrogeological conditions in the Guanzhong Basin, China. Coefficient variation in the subregion between the Shichuan River and Luo River of the Guanzhong Basin is larger than other subregions, reflecting the more complicated hydrogeological conditions of this subregion. The hydrochemical components and hydrodynamic conditions of this area have distinct horizontal zoning characteristics, and hydrodynamic conditions play a controlling role in the groundwater’s hydrochemistry. The relationship between ions, and between ions and TDS (total dissolved solids) can give an indication of many charteristics of grounwater such as evaporation intensity, ion exchange, and the sources of chemical components. Results indicated that for the coefficient of variation (the coefficient of variation is a statistical measure of the distribution or dispersion of data around mean. This measure is used to analyze the difference of spread in the data relative to the mean value. Coefficient of variation is derived by dividing the standard deviation by the mean), the minimum value of pH parameters is 0.03-0.07, the minimum value of HCO3- parameters is 0.24, while the maximum is the SO42- coefficinet at 1.67. A PHREEQC simulation demonstrated that different simulation paths roughly have the same trend in dissolution and precipitation of minerals. Along the direction of groundwater flow, the predminant precipitation is of calcite and gypsum and the cation exchange of Na+ and Ca2+ in some paths. However, in other paths, the precipitation of calcite and dissolution of gypsum and dolomite are the main actions, as well as the exchange of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in addition to Na+ and Ca2+.  相似文献   

基于FEFLOW和GIS技术的矿区地下水动态模拟及预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李彩梅  杨永刚  秦作栋  邹松兵  李晋昌 《干旱区地理》2015,38(2):359-367

矿区地下水动态研究是山西亟待解决的重大需求问题。针对山西矿区水资源短缺与水环境恶化等现状,通过分析气象、水文、地质地貌、开采现状等监测数据资料,以FEFLOW模型和GIS技术为平台,构建山西矿区三维地下水数值模型,进行地下水动态研究,模拟并预测了4种不同情境下矿区地下水动态过程,从而定量分析采矿活动对地下水动态的影响,揭示矿区开采对地下水系统的作用机制。结果表明：当矿区开采强度提高10%、30%、50%时,地下水整体流场和运动趋势没有大的变化,但在矿区南部地下水流场发生突变,等值线形变,且在东南部形成一个水位变化剧烈的低水位带,迫使地下水流向发生偏转。水位分析表明采矿活动会造成地下水位整体下降,下降幅度与开采强度呈正相关关系。地下水系统均衡分析表明,当开采强度保持现状或提高10%,地下水系统仍然处于正均衡,补给量大于排泄量,当开采强度提高30%、50%时,系统转为负均衡状态,补给量小于排泄量,地下水水量大幅度减少。研究成果可为矿区制定合理的开采方案,保护矿区地下水资源提供参考依据,为有效遏制矿区水环境恶化、确保矿区水安全提供科技支撑。  相似文献   

我国地下水污染分析   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11  

吕书君 《地下水》2009,31(1):1-5

地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,在国民经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用。随着社会和经济的发展,对地下水的依赖越来越强,不仅数量上的需求增加,而且对质量的追求亦越来越高。然而由于人类对生产生活中所产生的固体、气体和液体废物的处置不当,从不同途径对地下水环境造成的污染越来越严重,有的已对人的正常生存造成很大的威胁。地下水污染源分为：天然污染源和人为污染源,而人为污染源可分为工业、农业、生活、矿业等污染源,除了少部分气体、液体污染物可直接通过岩石空隙进入地下水,大部分污染物会随补给地下水的水源一道进入地下水中。地下水一旦遭到污染,要治理是需付出巨大代价的。全社会应关注地下水管理,要预防为主、防治结合,加强地下水保护。要强化政策、法制和管理手段,发挥经济杠杆作用,特别严格限制重污染项目建设,要实现工业废水的就地处理,达标排放,逐步实现污水资源化。根据目前地下水出现的较多问题,加强地下水资源的质量管理,保护环境刻不容缓。全社会都应珍惜、爱惜地下水,实现水资源的可持续利用,支持国民经济的可持续发展。  相似文献   

宁夏清水河平原中游地下水数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周文生  于艳青  薛忠岐  刘宏伟 《地下水》2009,31(3):26-30

清水河平原工业和农田供水水源多位于冲洪积扇中下部,部分位于扇前缘细土平原带,距咸水蕴藏区较近.随着地下水开采量的不断增加,出现大面积地下水位降落漏斗,造成咸水倒灌使有限的淡水资源遭受和面临咸水"入侵"的危险,已影响地下水资源的永续利用.本文在对清水河中游水文地质条件进行分析与概化的基础上,运用GMS软件建立了研究区多层地下水水流数值模拟模型,以现有开采条件对地下水流场的变化趋势进行了预测.根据模拟得出区域地下水位不断下降,地下水降落漏斗面积不断扩大.据此提出了合理利用地下水资源的措施,以保证该地区地下水资源可持续发展.  相似文献   

邢台市地下水动态现状及初步分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李秀丽 《地下水》2009,31(5):40-41

由于水污染和地表水资源的贫乏,加速了对邢台市地下水的开发。通过对地下水流向、地下水水位动态、漏斗发展情况和泉水干涸等的分析,得出要科学调度、优化水资源,防止水质污染、加强地下水的动态监测和站网调整以及加强对地下水动态的分析计算。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲地区地下水污染调查内容综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚普  刘华  支兵发 《地下水》2009,31(4):74-75,84

地下水污染问题得到我国政府的高度重视,珠江三角洲地区地下水污染调查评价于2005年展开实施,简要综述该区地下水污染调查内容,主要包括：污染源调查、地下水污染现状调查、水土测试指标的选取以及采样点的控制等。  相似文献   

城市地下水开发引起的环境地质问题刍议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

殷勇 《地下水》2009,31(6):134-136

随着我国城市建设的快速发展,对水资源的需求量越来越大,地下水作为城市供水的重要组成部分,其开采量逐年增长。同时,在地下水开发利用的过程中还产生了一系列的环境地质问题,如地表沉降、塌陷、裂缝,海水入侵,地下水水质下降等,这些问题严重威胁着城市的可持续发展及居民的正常生活。文章描述了我国地下水资源开发的现状,探讨了因地下水的过量开采所导致的环境地质问题,对地下水的开采量进行了分析,最后提出了解决这些环境地质问题的建议。  相似文献   

上海地下水流场变化及其对地面沉降发展的影响     

龚士良 《城市地质》2009,4(1):1-6

地下水开采导致的水位下降是含水层系统流场变化的关键,也是地面沉降形成与发展的重要因素。上海目前深部含水层开采日趋集中水位持续降低,浅部含水层大规模工程降：水以及邻省地下水开采等,使地下水渗流场出现新的变化,并对地面沉降控制造成不利影响。切实加强地下水管理,严格控制地下水位,是深化地面沉降有效防治的重要环节。  相似文献